Air-cap hole position and airflow distribution have a direct influence on droplet breakup, fan stretch, edge loading, and wet-film leveling. This article explains how center atomizing holes, horn passages, and auxiliary ports affect orange-peel texture in automotive refinishing, and gives technicians a practical pattern-and-panel test for distinguishing air-cap effects from viscosity, pressure, fluid-delivery, distance, and reducer problems.

Plastic-primer fisheyes and craters are usually caused by surface contamination, silicone migration, incompatible cleaners, static attraction, or excessive wetness rather than one spray-gun fault. This article gives automotive refinishing technicians a practical LVLP setup and diagnostic method covering substrate cleaning, anti-static preparation, fluid delivery, atomization pressure, gun distance, flash control, test panels, and equipment cleanliness to reduce these defects before full-panel application.

Using an LVLP spray gun in a potentially explosive atmosphere requires more than choosing a low-air-consumption gun. The complete spray system must be suitable for the coating, work area, local hazardous-location rules, ventilation design, and static-control requirements. This guide focuses on practical automotive refinishing controls including grounding and bonding, conductive air hoses, approved regulators and filters, clean dry compressed air, ignition-source control, and pre-use inspection.